��JFIF��2� /usr/share/doc/bpftrace/examples/ Current File: //usr/share/doc/bpftrace/examples/biostacks_example.txt
Demonstrations of biostacks, the Linux BCC/eBPF version.


This tool shows block I/O latency as a histogram, with the kernel stack trace
that initiated the I/O. This can help explain disk I/O that is not directly
requested by applications (eg, metadata reads on writes, resilvering, etc).
For example:

# ./biostacks.bt 
Attaching 5 probes...
Tracing block I/O with init stacks. Hit Ctrl-C to end.
^C

@usecs[
    blk_account_io_start+1
    blk_mq_make_request+1102
    generic_make_request+292
    submit_bio+115
    _xfs_buf_ioapply+798
    xfs_buf_submit+101
    xlog_bdstrat+43
    xlog_sync+705
    xlog_state_release_iclog+108
    _xfs_log_force+542
    xfs_log_force+44
    xfsaild+428
    kthread+289
    ret_from_fork+53
]: 
[64K, 128K)            1 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@|

[...]

@usecs[
    blk_account_io_start+1
    blk_mq_make_request+707
    generic_make_request+292
    submit_bio+115
    xfs_add_to_ioend+455
    xfs_do_writepage+758
    write_cache_pages+524
    xfs_vm_writepages+190
    do_writepages+75
    __writeback_single_inode+69
    writeback_sb_inodes+481
    __writeback_inodes_wb+103
    wb_writeback+625
    wb_workfn+384
    process_one_work+478
    worker_thread+50
    kthread+289
    ret_from_fork+53
]: 
[8K, 16K)            560 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@|
[16K, 32K)           218 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@                                |
[32K, 64K)            26 |@@                                                  |
[64K, 128K)            2 |                                                    |
[128K, 256K)          53 |@@@@                                                |
[256K, 512K)          60 |@@@@@                                               |

This output shows the most frequent stack was XFS writeback, with latencies
between 8 and 512 microseconds. The other stack included here shows an XFS
log sync.